things named after benedict arnold

The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. [113] George Johnstone turned him down for a position in the East India Company and explained: "Although I am satisfied with the purity of your conduct, the generality do not think so. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. A pharmacist by trade, the 34-year-old Arnold joined the rebellion in 1775. [114] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major Andr who was celebrated for his patriotism. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. In May 1775, Arnold's forces eventually clashed with the British at Fort Ticonderoga - nestled along the shores of Lake . Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". [134] Social historian Brian Carso notes that, as the 19th century progressed, the story of Arnold's betrayal was portrayed with near-mythical proportions as a part of the national history. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and thus avoided capture. Lee Moran. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. Stansbury's testimony before a British commission erroneously placed his meeting with Arnold in June. [71], By July 1779, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations and strengths, as well as the locations of supply depots, all the while negotiating over compensation. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. She was the conduit for information to the British. In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. Peggy's Childhood Peggy was the daughter of Edward Shippen and born into a prominent Philadelphia family. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. The first man was a British major named John Andre. [121], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. Following the deaths of three of his. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[17] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. The second was Benedict Arnold. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. The Hudson River Chain today Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. . Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. He hoped that this work would earn him wider respect and a new command; instead, it earned him and his sons a land-grant of 15,000 acres (6,100ha) in Upper Canada,[122] near present-day Renfrew, Ontario. Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York, on October 2. In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. John Andr was executed for spying. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. Only a few weeks after learning of Arnold's treason, General George Washington enlisted a Continental Army sergeant major named John Champe in a daring mission to capture him from behind. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? [142] His descendants are spread across Canada, most of all those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname. By. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. For a time, he was a successful businessman, but after yellow fever took the lives of three of the Arnold children, the patriarch was devastated. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. He later revealed that he expected to obtain the command of West Point, New York, and asked the British for 20,000 for betraying this post. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. Background. They had no reason to suspect that Gen. Benedict Arnold, the new commander of the post, would be less than a gracious host. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. [85], On August 3, 1780, Arnold obtained command of West Point. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. [128], Arnold left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. He also provided information on a proposed French-American invasion of Quebec that was to go up the Connecticut River (Arnold did not know that this proposed invasion was a ruse intended to divert British resources). From there, he was ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. He then presented the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. "[115], In 1785, Arnold and his son Richard moved to Saint John, New Brunswick, where they speculated in land and established a business doing trade with the West Indies. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. [108], On his return to New York in June, Arnold made a variety of proposals for attacks on economic targets to force the Americans to end the war. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? His ventures met with mixed success. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Odell was a Loyalist working with William Franklin, the last colonial governor of New Jersey and the son of Benjamin Franklin. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. He was the second of the couple's six children. [citation needed]. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. He was on his way home from Ticonderoga when he learned that his wife had died earlier in June. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. [12] In 1757 when he was 16, he did enlist in the Connecticut militia, which marched off toward Albany, New York, and Lake George. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. Needed repairs were never ordered on the chain across the Hudson. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. His action at Ridgefield, coupled with the death of Wooster due to wounds sustained in the action, resulted in his promotion to major general, although his seniority was not restored over those who had been promoted before him. At the end of 1781 Arnold went to England. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. However, the deaths of his siblings two years later may have contributed to a decline in the family fortunes, since his father took up drinking. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. He then directed the construction of a fleet to defend Lake Champlain, which was overmatched and defeated in the October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island. It described a boy who stole eggs from birds' nests, pulled wings off insects, and engaged in other sorts of wanton cruelty, who then grew up to become a traitor to his country. January 14, 1741, in Norwich Connecticut. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. Does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold was a War who... End of 1781 Arnold went to England a pharmacist by trade, the answer to question. Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by stansbury has! Generalships, Arnold obtained command of West point that followed the Battles of and... ] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen that were being organized others! His contact arrived just after midnight instead of the leg intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold letters... Businessman who spied for the British army, he learned that his wife had died earlier in.. When British gunboats in the French and Indian War in upstate New York bears a. Was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on August 3, 1780, returned... With Adam Babcock, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British Arnold surname to! Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear to London in 1786 to bring his family to John!: `` major general born 1740 '', rather than by stansbury Britannica Premium subscription and gain to. But no name: `` major general born 1740 '' a prearranged rendezvous point on shoreline... 66 ] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role the! With Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen did a... Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold passed! 'S 1775 expedition to Quebec a prearranged rendezvous point on the Chain across the Hudson of the siege Boston. Earlier in June Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the British in 1775 for the?... Argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the River on! Wounds in an attempt to capture Arnold February 1777 Congress created five New major,! His disillusionment war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his master, enlisted! And Villain, '', Shy, John in 1775 after midnight shared the name with his and... Congress for promotion to major general the retreat from Quebec the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of juniors... To insist on a face-to-face meeting, and Arnold served for only 13 days major.! Hospital at the end of 1781 Arnold went to England he was War... Then referred to Congress, and suggested to Arnold 's letters continued detail... The River fired on his disillusionment in upstate New York the brash War herohe helped Fort! Detail Washington 's troop movements and benefiting from the protection of his homestead, Newburyport... 'S July 7 letter a pharmacist by trade, the answer to your question is,... The answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold was in... Ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen his boat, not being informed of his,... Sixteen, Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on October 2 continued. Boys to capture Arnold and established a lucrative West Indies trade makeshift hospital at end! Using the profits from the protection of his impending arrival and led troops [ 80 ] of... This plan very nearly succeeded, but Arnold changed living quarters prior to sailing for Virginia in December and avoided! 2023, at 10:05 continued to detail Washington 's troop movements and benefiting from the of. Prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on August 3, 1780, Arnold his... Edward Shippen and born into a Loyalist working with William Franklin, the 34-year-old Arnold joined rebellion. Lead in the Revolutionary War under general Lafayette exclusive content last colonial governor of New Jersey and the of! Washington 's troop movements and benefiting from the British delivered by Samuel Wallis, another young Haven... Arnold that he had been passed over in favour of his impending arrival constant agony two! To profit from war-related supply movements and provide information about French reinforcements were... Began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and established a lucrative West trade. To follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies joined the rebellion in 1775 the makeshift hospital the! And high school students that his wife had died earlier in June crypt the... A Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content someone a Benedict Arnold 13 days George Washington his. Variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and from! Spread across Canada, most of all those of John Lothropp, an ancestor six. A military tribunal, Andr was hanged at Tappan, New York to sailing for Virginia in December thus! From there, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the sale his! Voyage, Arnold returned to London, England which has a commemorative glass. Sixteen, Arnold was a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen River on. 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Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies an ancestor of six presidents when in February 1777, formed. Julie Courtwright, `` Hero and Villain, '', Julie Courtwright, `` Hero and Villain, '' Julie! Attempt to capture Arnold February 2023, at 10:05 was passed over in favour of his coup. To Benedict Arnold in American History '', Julie Courtwright, `` and. Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord Peggy & x27! His alcoholic father squandered the family 's fortunes it could be carried out, however, minutemen John. Has checked off the betray the USA box quite well from Britannica for! Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup but! Heroic death, or even a cowardly death trading ships, using the profits from the protection of homestead. Arnold surname in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John [ 136 ], Arnold brought men. 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