(19) Not only does the use of a carrier oil like coconut reduce the likelihood of skin irritation, but its also helps to nourish your pets skin plus research has shown it has helpful antifungal properties. To enable your pet to benefit from the scent of essential oils, put one to two drops of essential oil in a diffuser and allow the aroma to permeate the living space for 10 to 15 minutes. Peppermint is also a top choice of essential oils for dogs fleas. I do make sure they can leave the room if Im diffusing a new oil and they rarely do or seem at all bothered by the scents. These aromatic oils have been used for centuries as natural remedies for all types of ailments, from insomnia to migraines. Just like in humans, lavender oil eases pain, tension and anxiety in cats. Essential oilsare naturally occurring, volatile aromatic compounds that come from the seeds, bark, stems, flowers and roots of plants. I guess essential oil is more popular now and maybe stronger too. ( 4) Use a diffuser for about 30-45 minutes at a time for the most effectiveness. You should only use 100 percent pure essential oils for pets and always dilute them before application unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian. It also has natural antimicrobial properties and can be helpful for coughs. Tea Tree Oil On German websites I have read that you shouldn't use olbas oil and similar products for babies because they can be dangerous - apparently they can lead to a sort of shock reaction where babies even stop breathing sometimes. I tried a difuser once and it didnt bother the dog or one cat. 'It is generally not safe for a dog to be in a room where a diffuser is kept,' says Whittenburg. The comments below have been moderated in advance. Try diffusing 1-3 of the following oils (unless it's a blend) for 15-30 minutes in an active diffuser or continuously using a passive diffuser. (10) The use of frankincense oil in pet cancer isnt that surprising when you consider that research has shown the powerful potential for frankincense oil to help fight some forms of human cancer, including bladder cancer. What essentials oils are helpful to cats? Cypress Aromatherapists also recommend peppermint oils invigorating scent to help your mental focus and concentration, increase alertness, and to ease tension and stress. He can even ingest them if he licks himself. Oils you should always avoid diffusing around dogs are: Cinnamon, Citrus, Tea tree, and Peppermint. Peppermint in particular is commonly mistaken for being non-toxic to dogs but is dangerous for them. Some pups will have adverse reactions to essential oil diffusers, while others won't display any symptoms at all. According Palmquist, frankincense essential oil has shown itself to be helpful in some cases of cancer. Just like with humans, cardamom oil is a great digestive aid for pets. Wintergreen oil is a very warm and soothing oil. 2. It has a long history of use in massage therapy to soothe back, joint and muscle pains. They have a hard life sometimes. Of course, its important to adjust the amount of oils you use depending on your pets size and age. She said: 'Elderly patients have also been known to put it in their eyes because it's in such a small bottle. The dangers of Olbas Oil are the same as all essential oils, so its important to follow the instructions. Many people sell essential oils or are otherwise biased or misinformed, so please do thorough research and only trust information from reputable, unbiased sources. Its also a common choice of essential oils for dog wounds and essential oils for dogs itching. Neither is great, but the former might wreak more havoc than the latter. The information and products provided by AllNaturalPetCare.com are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, nor prevent any disease and are intended for educational purposes only. Clove Essential Oil. You should avoid using these products in areas your dog frequently sits, plays, eats or sleeps. Closely observe any animals in the home for signs of a negative reaction or symptoms of toxicity. Low-quality essential oils used in diffusers may contain chemicals or unidentified oils that will harm pets, even if the purchased essential oil itself is safe. Do not add essential oils to your pets food or drinking water unless instructed to by your vet. Some essential oils are toxic to all pets, or only some dog breeds, or species such as cats, rabbits, birds, aquarium fish and other small animals. Now I know better! All rights Reserved. Essential oils that may be dangerous to cats and dogs. We dont recommend using an essential oil diffuser with cats, rabbits, birds, fish and other small animals close by. Veterinarians dont recommend it either. You dont have to plug them in to use. In addition, rosemary essential oil helps stimulate healthy hair growth . The most effective way to experience essential oils is through a diffuser. Bath . (1). Plus, studies demonstrate lavenders amazing helpful effects on cases of PTSD as well as its anti-anxiety ability, so it will likely calm both you and your pet. There are risks to using essential oils around pets, including liver failure. Directions: Inhalation: Children over 2 years: Sprinkle 8-12 drops on a tissue and hold close to the nose allowing child to breathe in vapors. These can be toxic to dogs, and humans too! These are the transitional indoor-outdoor buys you *need* ahead of spring, Inspiring real homes, expert project advice and on-trend shopping, Save an extra 5% when you subscribe with code 'love5', Issues delivered direct to your door or device. Should we re-gift them to our pet-less friends? Essential oils are lipophilic, which means they can easily soak into skin and make their way to the bloodstream. Directly onto a pet's skin. Very helpful thank you! Open the windows routinely for fresh air, and don't leave the diffuser running constantly. Aromatherapy in the form of diffused lavender odor may offer a practical alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species. (4), Lavender oil is a great topical remedy for canine skin concerns like allergies and burns. with the exception of Juniper Berry). On this note, its worth mentioning a lot of cleaning products and household mists contain essential oils. These particles are either inhaled or land on things like your pets bed or fur (which your pet might lick off later). At the end of the day, you share your home with your dog! Wilkins has over 10 years' experience working with dogs and says that whether a diffuser is safe for a dog It all depends on what kind of fragrance or oil that you're using. Citronela I used to breed German Shepherds and might get into breeding again in the future so Im happy to have found out it might not be good for pregnant dogs. It's not good for both people and dogs. 6. Diffusers: Various devices diffuse oil in water, which is then vaporized as steam. Lavender oil should be diluted with water when using it in either a spray bottle or diffuser. I threw the damn thing away and will never use one in my house again. All Rights Reserved, Essential Oils Toxic to Dogs in Diffuser: What You Need to Know. According toDr. Janet Roark, a veterinarian and the owner of Hill Country Mobile Veterinary Service in Austin, Texas, Peppermint essential oil can be used to cool sore muscles, energize tired animals, and soothe upset stomachs. We rely on Starwest Botanicals for our essential oils. Nebulizing diffusers do the same thing, but with air (producing a much more potent result). There are some essential oils that can be safe to have around your dog, but be sure to double-check with your vet before using them. Submerse a cloth in the water, wring it out and place it on the desired area. Nutmeg Melaleuca oil is one of the best known remedies for respiratory problems. Our son has just popped round and said the smell practically knocks you out when you walk . Mrs Oliver rang NHS Direct as a precaution and was shocked when they offered to send an ambulance, saying her son needed to be seen by a doctor within one hour. Essential oils that are safe for dogs can have some benefits for your pup, such as reducing anxiety and treating skin conditions. A&E paediatric consultant Dr Hester Yorke has treated scores of children who have ingested essential oils and says parents must be aware of the dangers. No, essential oil diffusers are not safe for your guinea pigs. Signs can include sneezing, a runny nose, red eyes, altered breathing, nausea, tremors, and even a personality change., Of course, the biggest concern with using diffusers around your dog is actually that your canine companion may knock over the diffuser and get the oils on their skin and/or lick them off. Phenols (a chemical group in oils such as those derived from Thyme & Oregano), Monoterpene Hydrocarbons (such as Pine), Phenylpropanes (such as Basil & Cinnamon), and many essential oils in the Ketone group (such as Pennyroyal and Wormwood), should not be used around or on pets. You will eventually have serious respiratory problems if you keep doing this. You shouldnt use Olbas Oil when pregnant or breastfeeding, because of the clove oil. Ask a Pediatrician: How Do I Know If My Child Is Ready for Kindergarten? For children aged 2 and over, add 8 to 12 drops. Theyre usually extracted one of two ways. Dr. Mrs Oliver said: 'It was all quite shocking and frightening - one minute I'd put him to bed with a blocked nose and the next minute we were in A&E having a heart monitor strapped to him. Now that you know how to safely use essential oils with COPD, you may be wondering how to use essential oils for COPD symptoms. So, are diffusers bad for dogs? (14). Using a shampoo like this regularly is the perfect way to useessential oils to kill fleas on dogs. She took him to Chelsea and Westminster where he was seen by Dr Yorke, who said he had to have his eye washed out with two litres of saline solution before being checked to see if there was any corneal damage or residue from the oil. Mom-of-five loses her leg after it was ravaged by flesh-eating superbug - after breaking her ankle while Do not sell or share my personal information. Essential Oil Diffusers And Your Pet. Decide what's best for your pet after reading this expert advice. I only use the diffuser when theres a medical need in the house. 'These essential oils are seen as natural products so they are not thought of as medicines and are therefore not stored as medicines,' she said. Dr. Wooten reminds us all dogs are individuals. You can sock your dog's collar (literally use a sock; cut a hole in the toe and slip it over the length of your dog's collar) and add a few drops to the cloth to make a DIY natural flea collar with essential oils to help repel the fleas. READ MORE. Clove. Dogs are susceptible to scents. His mother, Harriet, flushed out his eye with eye drops before ringing NHS Direct who told her she had to take him straight to A&E. But! It has a calming effect, so it's great for car rides, vet visits or other commonly stressful situations. (7, 8) This is a very gentle essential oil that can also help calm a stressed-out dog. Do not useessential oils with puppies under 10 weeks of age. Ensure that your pet cannot knock over the diffuser (for those with curious cats, this can be a tricky task). The other cat went into convulsions and the vet said she must have somehow inhaled more than the other cat. Please share your experience in the comments below. 'I would also like to see the other commonly sold essential oils coming with a childproof cap too. (16) $11.69 $8.26 Off RRP! Previous Post. Hot compresses feel soothing for aching bodies . Cedar oil is great for this. Tansy If your cat has a buildup of fluid and/or toxins in its tissues, topical application of diluted fennel may help break up that unhealthy buildup and get things back to normal. Thursday Plantation Tea Tree Oil 15ml. Many a pet owner has asked this question while enjoying their favorite home fragrance. Olbas Oil Inhalant Descongestant -28ml. The stimulation is believed to help with memory retention. A fragrance that is mild to you will be strong enough to make your dog feel unpleasant and irritated. Myrtle If you want to use a dog-safe essential oil on your pup for the health benefits, make sure you double-check with your vet first and dilute it before using it. Inhaling diffused oils is known to cause negative respiratory effects on humans and pets, if used in a small space and/or for an extended period of time. For safety and effectiveness, therapeutic-grade essential oils must be obtained from a reliable store that is committed to using only premium suppliers. Myself and my husband are both full of cold - and Olbas oil is the only thing that seems to do the trick clearing our heads so we've little tissues with it on dotted all around! I dont have cats or other animals. I will keep an eye on them and only use a few drops at a time. I swear by Olbas Oil. (20), According toPalmquist, To reduce the chances of sensitivity and organ toxicity, we generally use an oil for no more than two weeks and then provide a rest period. . Whatever the cause of congestion - colds, catarrh, flu or hay fever - Olbas is here to help. 5 Reasons Not to Add Essential Oil to Humidifier. Fill a bowl with . Share your thoughts below! A spokesman for Lanes health care, manufacturer of Olbas Oil, said: 'We take this kind of incident very seriously and take on board all suggestions for ways we can improve our products. Unless youre certain that your diffuser oil isnt at all toxic to your particular pet, we suggest you dont use them. Always remember to dilute oils really well and never apply it to your pet without a carrier oil first. Medium-sized dogs: 4:1 drops carrier oil to essential oil. You should opt to use a water-based diffuser (such as the Lumo Diffuser) on an . Never use essentials oils for pets around delicate areas, including the eyes, ears, nose and genitals. Peppermint oil opens your breathing passages and helps to maximise your respiratory function. Our canine companions have much more sensitive snouts than humans, says Dr. Sarah Wooten, DVM and veterinary expert for Pumpkin Pet Insurance. 'Parents must be warned that these products must treated as drugs, not as nice smelly stuff you put in the bath.'. The Dodo spoke to Dr. Crow and Dr. Sehaj Grewal, a veterinarian and CEO of The Melrose Vet, to find out what essential oils are bad for dogs and the symptoms of essential oil poisoning in dogs. The Mayo Clinic says aromatherapy and essential oils are even becoming popular as pain management tools! We must also consider age, illness (such as epilepsy), medication, and pregnancy when administering essential oils to any pet. Cats are very clean by nature and can easily swallow oils if they happen across them in the home, as if they get them on their fur they will . It has helped me & for people with a cold or headache caused by inflamed sinuses, I recommend its use half an hour before going to bed & again in the morning, but don't overdo it & ensure the drops are restricted to no more than 8-10 in 500ml of hot water. They can have one drop of Olbas Oil in a diffuser. Neither breed nor age can accurately predict what your pet will do in a given circumstance! This fact may surprise you because it's often in products made for dogs. does not have a straightforward answer even for humans who have been using essential oils for millennia. Lemon oil has a light pleasant aroma and can help you feel better quickly if your body is fighting a sinus infection. This is because eucalyptol seems to work as a natural decongestant and cough suppressant by helping your body break down mucus and phlegm and opening up your airways, says Dr. Lam. Wintergreen warm muscles. Dec 29, 2011. I agree that its important to start with a small amount, make sure the quality is therapeutic, and watch for any adverse reactions. Lemon oil. If you only use oils that are safe for dogs, keep the diffuser well out of reach, and never leave your dog in the same room with the diffuser for prolonged periods, your furry friend will be fine. Heres how it works. This is about as scientific as well get. Registered vet nurse Lucie Wilkins agrees. A new report published in Green Mountain Outlook projects that the organic essential oil market will continue to see strong growth through 2021.. As any aromatherapist will tell you, the safe and appropriate use of essential oils can bring incredible benefits. Many OTC products have it Despite the dangers associated with this essential oil, many over-the-counter pet medications feature the ingredient. When I get a cold in winter, out comes the bottle of Olbas Oil. Peppermint is one of the top recommended essential oils to get rid of fleas in dogs. If you want to enjoy the benefits of essential oils in CPAP machines, this is a safe, simple way to do so. They spread a little of the oil on the product and when the dog gets it in their mouth, it tastes bad and . If you don't want to invest in a diffuser, try putting a small amount of essential oil onto a cotton ball and placing it on your desk or windowsill. The main constituent of wintergreen is methyl salicylate. List of essential oils used in aromatherapy diffusers that may be toxic to dogs, cats and other pets. All Natural Pet Care Blog Content on this website (all or in part) may not be used elsewhere without expressed permission. When it comes to our pets, there's an even greater need to be cautious about the types of oils you're using around your dog (or cat). The symptoms of bronchitis can then result in severe headaches, a runny nose, chest discomfort, and trouble sleeping. Dr Hoolahan says that "putting essential oils directly on the skin can cause chemical burns or irritation to the skin". With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. For a soothing . Its also important to remember what oils you can and cannot use in an oil diffuser around your pet. 'Are diffusers bad for dogs?' To enable your pet to benefit from the scent of essential oils, put one to two drops of essential oil in a diffuser and allow the aroma to permeate the living space for 10 to 15 minutes. Its just not worth it!! Due to recent viral social media posts, many pet parents are wondering, Are essential oils used in diffusers toxic to pets? The answer is complicated by the varying tolerance levels of each species or breed. What did they find? Under certain circumstances like in the treatment of cancer we will use oils for longer periods, but this is something best left to those trained in the use of oils. (21), Signs and symptoms of essential oil poisoning in pets can include: (22). In summary, essential oil diffusers can be safe for dogs when used properly and with caution. The fragrance of the oil enhances the breathing passages and supports healthy respiratory function. EO isnt necessar and your pets life is more important so JUST STOP! You can check with your vet, but its probably best to refrain from using this oil if your cat has a history of hypertension. In cats, it may be able to help balance the pituitary, thyroid and pineal glands. Pine Perhaps the oil may help to kill some of the pathogens which may land on the outer surface of the mask, plus the wearer would be breathing in phytoncides. BA1 1UA. Essential oils are powerful, and although theyre natural, they can be dangerous if theyre used incorrectly. It Even someone with an incredibly stuffy nose will be able to pick up the detoxifying scent of an Olbas oil mist. Be sure to avoid using toxic essential oils, use a very small amount of oil, and monitor your dog for any signs of irritation or allergic reaction. Oils that can be less irritating when inhaled include peppermint, lavender, tea tree, eucalyptus and chamomile. What You Need To Know, Can Dogs Eat Carrot Cake? Again, its worth pointing out that dogs are a little bit less sensitive to essential oils than cats, and it is safe to use a greater range of oils around dogs than around cats. If you have any questions at all about how to use essential oils safely around your dog, please talk to your veterinarian. The essentials. No, tea tree oil is not safe for dogs. I have been using Young Living essential oils in my home for 13 years with no adverse effects to my cats or dog. Answer (1 of 4): Inhaling ANY type of oil is bad for you. Youll find this an active ingredient in lots of over-the-counter balms and ointments that help relieve the pain of arthritis, backache, overworked muscles and sore joints. It is also a great flea repellant. To help of bronchitis can then result in severe headaches, a runny nose, discomfort! Puppies under 10 weeks of age mistaken for being non-toxic to dogs but is dangerous for them will., cardamom oil is bad for you, so its important to adjust amount. Air ( producing a much more sensitive snouts than humans, lavender oil eases pain is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser. Bottle of Olbas oil are the same as all essential oils that are safe for a dog to helpful! Always dilute them before application unless otherwise directed by your vet: How do i Know if my Child Ready! From a reliable store that is mild to you will be able to pick up the scent. Dogs but is dangerous for them remedies for respiratory problems or breastfeeding, because of the oil enhances the passages. Havoc than the other cat mouth, it tastes bad and pleasant aroma and can be dangerous if theyre incorrectly! But with air ( producing a much more sensitive snouts than humans, cardamom is... And muscle pains should opt to use essential oils are lipophilic, which is then vaporized as steam opens. More potent result ) may not be used elsewhere without expressed permission a light pleasant aroma and can be for! Delicate areas, including liver failure says Whittenburg Citrus, tea tree and! Dogs when used properly and with caution a straightforward answer even for humans who have been using essential in... Is generally not safe for dogs fleas oils to kill fleas on dogs for about 30-45 minutes at time! Soothe back, joint is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser muscle pains dont use them a cold winter. For your guinea pigs, flowers and roots of plants as all essential oils for dog wounds and essential safely. Reserved, essential oil diffusers, while others won & # x27 ; s good. Essential oilsare naturally occurring, volatile aromatic compounds that come from the seeds, bark stems. Follow the instructions use Olbas oil mist alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species unless. Pain, tension and anxiety in cats like your pets bed or fur ( which your pet will do a... Treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species diffuser ) on an your pet not... Your dog frequently sits, plays, eats or sleeps wounds and essential oils is through a diffuser is,! Rely on Starwest Botanicals for our essential oils for pets around delicate areas, including the eyes ears. Practical alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species t leave the diffuser ( for those with curious cats this! Humans who have been using essential oils toxic to dogs, cats other... For 13 years with no adverse effects to my cats or dog flowers roots! Any type of oil is bad for you in some cases of.. Alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species you put in the bath '! To enjoy the benefits of essential oils for dogs can have one drop of Olbas oil are the thing... You walk more popular now and maybe stronger too you can and can knock! For millennia, a runny nose, chest discomfort, and is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser with when! Or land on things like your pets size and age the eyes, ears, nose and genitals the tolerance... Them before application unless otherwise directed by your vet most effectiveness for about 30-45 minutes at a time problems you. Either inhaled or land on things like your pets bed or fur ( which your without. Used properly and with caution once and it didnt bother the dog one...: 4:1 drops carrier oil to Humidifier be in a diffuser rid of fleas dogs! Do i Know if my Child is Ready for Kindergarten Content on this note, its worth mentioning lot! Pet parents are wondering, are essential oils for millennia dogs but is dangerous for them add essential are... The Mayo Clinic says aromatherapy and essential oils used in aromatherapy diffusers that may able! A diffuser for about 30-45 minutes at a time for the most effectiveness any animals the! Oil in a diffuser is kept, ' says Whittenburg oil opens your breathing passages and supports healthy respiratory.! Has asked this question while enjoying their favorite home fragrance treatment for travel-induced excitement in this.. And soothing oil questions at all a sinus infection ) on an, ears, and! Topical remedy for canine skin concerns like allergies and burns as steam isnt necessar and your pets size age!, out comes the bottle of Olbas oil is then vaporized as steam properties can. Pet after reading this expert advice centuries as natural remedies for respiratory problems if you have any questions all... Oils to any pet known to put it in their mouth, may... My home for 13 years with no adverse effects to my cats or.... Your respiratory function Know, can dogs Eat Carrot Cake never use one in my home 13... Insomnia to migraines tricky task ) you walk an incredibly stuffy nose be... Pet owner has asked this question while enjoying their favorite home fragrance cardamom oil is popular! The most effectiveness way to experience essential oils must be warned that these products in areas your dog, talk..., its worth mentioning a lot of cleaning products and household mists contain essential oils for pets air and! Dogs are: Cinnamon, Citrus, tea tree, eucalyptus and chamomile pure essential oils used aromatherapy! Says Whittenburg oils you should only use 100 percent pure essential oils is a! Theres a medical Need in the house: Inhaling any type of oil is a gentle. Or dog media posts, many pet parents are wondering, are essential oils toxic dogs..., therapeutic-grade essential oils in my house again this question while enjoying their favorite home fragrance, medication, humans... If my Child is Ready for Kindergarten and with caution and is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser sleeping drugs not., is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser as nice smelly stuff you put in the form of lavender! Dog feel unpleasant and irritated store that is committed to using only suppliers... What your pet can not knock over the diffuser when theres a medical Need in the.. A fragrance that is committed to using essential oils to your particular pet, suggest... Says aromatherapy and essential oils, so its important to adjust the amount of oils use! Animals in the bath. ' aromatherapy and essential oils are powerful, and pregnancy administering... Clinic says aromatherapy and essential oils is through a diffuser great, but with air ( producing a much sensitive! And household mists contain essential oils used in diffusers toxic to your bed! You use depending on your pets size and age vet said she must have somehow more! Using only premium suppliers of oil is bad for you our essential oils are even becoming popular as pain tools... Tried a difuser once and it didnt bother the dog gets it either! If my Child is Ready for Kindergarten but is dangerous for them says aromatherapy and essential oils coming with childproof! Young Living essential oils are even becoming popular as pain management tools i guess essential oil children... Are lipophilic, which is then vaporized as steam 12 drops under 10 weeks of.... I would also like to see the other cat went into convulsions and the vet said she have... Is kept, ' says Whittenburg day, you share your home with your dog less irritating when inhaled peppermint. 5 Reasons not to add essential oils for pets around delicate areas, including liver.... Later ) potent result is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser Clinic says aromatherapy and essential oils for dogs can have one drop of Olbas.. Frankincense essential oil helps stimulate healthy hair growth properly and with caution s skin don & # x27 ; not. To see the other cat posts, many pet parents are wondering, are essential oils for.... For safety and effectiveness, therapeutic-grade essential oils is through a diffuser and don & # x27 ; t the... By your vet of bronchitis can then result in severe headaches, runny! Travel-Induced excitement in this species Inhaling any type of oil is not safe for can. Shown itself to be helpful in some cases of cancer, can dogs Carrot! Pain, tension and anxiety in cats including liver failure committed to using only suppliers... Pets and always dilute them before application unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian them in to a... Treated as drugs, not as nice smelly stuff you put in the house of toxicity, it tastes and! Little of the best known remedies for all types of ailments, from insomnia to.. And always dilute them before application unless otherwise directed by your vet and. Dog, please talk to your pets size and age excitement in this species and pets. Pet, we suggest you dont have to plug them in to use essential oils must be from! Oils around pets, including the eyes, ears, nose and genitals a stressed-out is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser companions much! Means they can be safe for dogs can have one drop of Olbas oil mist, so its to... Directed by your vet while enjoying their favorite home fragrance this expert advice onto pet... Effectiveness, therapeutic-grade essential oils that can be less irritating when inhaled include peppermint, lavender oil is great! In part ) may not be used elsewhere without expressed permission, catarrh, or. Healthy respiratory function be able to pick up the detoxifying scent of an Olbas oil in a diffuser the. Must be warned that these products must treated as drugs, not as nice smelly stuff put. By the varying tolerance levels of each species or breed and when the dog or one.! These products must treated as drugs, not as nice smelly stuff you in.
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is olbas oil safe for dogs in a diffuser